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Anna

Veterinary Report by Embark

embarkvet.com

Test Date: February 15th, 2021

Customer-supplied information

Owner Name: Brin Turpin
Dog Name: Anna
Sex: Female (intact)
Date of birth: 06/15/20

Breed type: N/A
Breed: Cavapoo
Breed registration: N/A
Microchip: N/A

Genetic summary

Genetic breed identification:
Cavapoo

Breed ancestry:

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: 50.0%

Poodle (Small): 27.8%

Poodle (Standard): 22.2%

Predicted adult weight: 22 lbs

Calculated from 17 size genes.

Life stage: Mature adult

Based on date of birth provided.

Karyogram (Chromosome painting)

Health Report

How to interpret Anna’s genetic health results:

If Anna inherited any of the variants that we tested, they will be listed at the top of the Health Report section, along with a description of how to interpret this result. We also include all of the variants that we tested Anna for that we did not detect the risk variant for.

A genetic test is not a diagnosis

This genetic test does not diagnose a disease. Please talk to your vet about your dog’s genetic results, or if you think that your pet may have a health condition or disease.

Summary

Of the 213 genetic health risks we analyzed, we found 3 results that you should learn about.

Increased risk results

(1)

Intervertebral Disc Disease (Type I)

Notable results

(2)

ALT Activity

Degenerative Myelopathy, DM

Clear results

Breed-relevant

(8)

Other

(202)

Health Report

Breed-relevant Results

Research studies indicate that these results are more relevant to dogs like Anna, and may influence her chances of developing certain health conditions.

Intervertebral Disc Disease (Type I) (FGF4 retrogene - CFA12)

Increased risk

Degenerative Myelopathy, DM (SOD1A)

Notable

Dry Eye Curly Coat Syndrome (FAM83H Exon 5)

Clear

Episodic Falling Syndrome (BCAN)

Clear

GM2 Gangliosidosis (HEXB, Poodle Variant)

Clear

Muscular Dystrophy (DMD, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Variant 1)

Clear

Neonatal Encephalopathy with Seizures, NEWS (ATF2)

Clear

Osteochondrodysplasia (SLC13A1, Poodle Variant)

Clear

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, prcd (PRCD Exon 1)

Clear

Von Willebrand Disease Type I, Type I vWD (VWF)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Research has not yet linked these conditions to dogs with similar breeds to Anna. Review any increased risk or notable results to understand her potential risk and recommendations.

ALT Activity (GPT)

Notable

2-DHA Kidney & Bladder Stones (APRT)

Clear

Acral Mutilation Syndrome (GDNF-AS, Spaniel and Pointer Variant)

Clear

Adult-Onset Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, NCL A, NCL 12 (ATP13A2, Tibetan Terrier Variant)

Clear

Alaskan Husky Encephalopathy (SLC19A3)

Clear

Alaskan Malamute Polyneuropathy, AMPN (NDRG1 SNP)

Clear

Alexander Disease (GFAP)

Clear

Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (EDA Intron 8)

Clear

Autosomal Dominant Progressive Retinal Atrophy (RHO)

Clear

Bald Thigh Syndrome (IGFBP5)

Clear

Bully Whippet Syndrome (MSTN)

Clear

Canine Elliptocytosis (SPTB Exon 30)

Clear

Canine Fucosidosis (FUCA1)

Clear

Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type I, CLAD I (ITGB2, Setter Variant)

Clear

Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type III, CLAD III (FERMT3, German Shepherd Variant)

Clear

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy, cmr1 (BEST1 Exon 2)

Clear

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy, cmr2 (BEST1 Exon 5, Coton de Tulear Variant)

Clear

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy, cmr3 (BEST1 Exon 10 Deletion, Finnish and Swedish Lapphund, Lapponian Herder Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Canine Multiple System Degeneration (SERAC1 Exon 4, Chinese Crested Variant)

Clear

Canine Multiple System Degeneration (SERAC1 Exon 15, Kerry Blue Terrier Variant)

Clear

Cardiomyopathy and Juvenile Mortality (YARS2)

Clear

Centronuclear Myopathy, CNM (PTPLA)

Clear

Cerebellar Hypoplasia (VLDLR, Eurasier Variant)

Clear

Chondrodysplasia (ITGA10, Norwegian Elkhound and Karelian Bear Dog Variant)

Clear

Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate (ADAMTS20, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever Variant)

Clear

Cobalamin Malabsorption (CUBN Exon 8, Beagle Variant)

Clear

Cobalamin Malabsorption (CUBN Exon 53, Border Collie Variant)

Clear

Collie Eye Anomaly (NHEJ1)

Clear

Complement 3 Deficiency, C3 Deficiency (C3)

Clear

Congenital Hypothyroidism (TPO, Rat, Toy, Hairless Terrier Variant)

Clear

Congenital Hypothyroidism (TPO, Tenterfield Terrier Variant)

Clear

Congenital Macrothrombocytopenia (TUBB1 Exon 1, Cairn and Norfolk Terrier Variant)

Clear

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome, CMS (COLQ, Labrador Retriever Variant)

Clear

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome, CMS (COLQ, Golden Retriever Variant)

Clear

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome, CMS (CHAT, Old Danish Pointing Dog Variant)

Clear

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome, CMS (CHRNE, Jack Russell Terrier Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (LRIT3, Beagle Variant)

Clear

Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (RPE65, Briard Variant)

Clear

Craniomandibular Osteopathy, CMO (SLC37A2)

Clear

Cystinuria Type I-A (SLC3A1, Newfoundland Variant)

Clear

Cystinuria Type II-A (SLC3A1, Australian Cattle Dog Variant)

Clear

Cystinuria Type II-B (SLC7A9, Miniature Pinscher Variant)

Clear

Day Blindness (CNGA3 Exon 7, German Shepherd Variant)

Clear

Day Blindness (CNGA3 Exon 7, Labrador Retriever Variant)

Clear

Day Blindness (CNGB3 Exon 6, German Shorthaired Pointer Variant)

Clear

Deafness and Vestibular Syndrome of Dobermans, DVDob, DINGS (MYO7A)

Clear

Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (SBF2/MTRM13)

Clear

Diffuse Cystic Renal Dysplasia and Hepatic Fibrosis (INPP5E Intron 9, Norwich Terrier Variant)

Clear

Dilated Cardiomyopathy, DCM1 (PDK4, Doberman Pinscher Variant 1)

Clear

Dilated Cardiomyopathy, DCM2 (TTN, Doberman Pinscher Variant 2)

Clear

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (COL7A1, Central Asian Shepherd Dog Variant)

Clear

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (COL7A1, Golden Retriever Variant)

Clear

Early Onset Cerebellar Ataxia (SEL1L, Finnish Hound Variant)

Clear

Ehlers Danlos (ADAMTS2, Doberman Pinscher Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Enamel Hypoplasia (ENAM Deletion, Italian Greyhound Variant)

Clear

Enamel Hypoplasia (ENAM SNP, Parson Russell Terrier Variant)

Clear

Exercise-Induced Collapse, EIC (DNM1)

Clear

Factor VII Deficiency (F7 Exon 5)

Clear

Familial Nephropathy (COL4A4 Exon 3, Cocker Spaniel Variant)

Clear

Fetal-Onset Neonatal Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (MFN2, Giant Schnauzer Variant)

Clear

Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia Type I (ITGA2B Exon 13, Great Pyrenees Variant)

Clear

Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia Type I (ITGA2B Exon 12, Otterhound Variant)

Clear

Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease (GALC Exon 5, Terrier Variant)

Clear

Glycogen Storage Disease Type IA, Von Gierke Disease, GSD IA (G6PC, Maltese Variant)

Clear

Glycogen Storage Disease Type IIIA, GSD IIIA (AGL, Curly Coated Retriever Variant)

Clear

Glycogen storage disease Type VII, Phosphofructokinase Deficiency, PFK Deficiency (PFKM, Whippet and English Springer Spaniel Variant)

Clear

Glycogen storage disease Type VII, Phosphofructokinase Deficiency, PFK Deficiency (PFKM, Wachtelhund Variant)

Clear

GM1 Gangliosidosis (GLB1 Exon 2, Portuguese Water Dog Variant)

Clear

GM1 Gangliosidosis (GLB1 Exon 15, Shiba Inu Variant)

Clear

GM1 Gangliosidosis (GLB1 Exon 15, Alaskan Husky Variant)

Clear

GM2 Gangliosidosis (HEXA, Japanese Chin Variant)

Clear

Golden Retriever Progressive Retinal Atrophy 1, GR-PRA1 (SLC4A3)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Golden Retriever Progressive Retinal Atrophy 2, GR-PRA2 (TTC8)

Clear

Goniodysgenesis and Glaucoma, Pectinate Ligament Dysplasia, PLD (OLFM3)

Clear

Hemophilia A (F8 Exon 11, German Shepherd Variant 1)

Clear

Hemophilia A (F8 Exon 1, German Shepherd Variant 2)

Clear

Hemophilia A (F8 Exon 10, Boxer Variant)

Clear

Hemophilia B (F9 Exon 7, Terrier Variant)

Clear

Hemophilia B (F9 Exon 7, Rhodesian Ridgeback Variant)

Clear

Hereditary Ataxia, Cerebellar Degeneration (RAB24, Old English Sheepdog and Gordon Setter Variant)

Clear

Hereditary Cataracts (HSF4 Exon 9, Australian Shepherd Variant)

Clear

Hereditary Footpad Hyperkeratosis (FAM83G, Terrier and Kromfohrlander Variant)

Clear

Hereditary Footpad Hyperkeratosis (DSG1, Rottweiler Variant)

Clear

Hereditary Nasal Parakeratosis (SUV39H2 Intron 4, Greyhound Variant)

Clear

Hereditary Nasal Parakeratosis, HNPK (SUV39H2)

Clear

Hereditary Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets (VDR)

Clear

Hypocatalasia, Acatalasemia (CAT)

Clear

Hypomyelination and Tremors (FNIP2, Weimaraner Variant)

Clear

Hypophosphatasia (ALPL Exon 9, Karelian Bear Dog Variant)

Clear

Ichthyosis (NIPAL4, American Bulldog Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Ichthyosis (SLC27A4, Great Dane Variant)

Clear

Ichthyosis, Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis (KRT10, Terrier Variant)

Clear

Ichthyosis, ICH1 (PNPLA1, Golden Retriever Variant)

Clear

Inflammatory Myopathy (SLC25A12)

Clear

Inherited Myopathy of Great Danes (BIN1)

Clear

Inherited Selected Cobalamin Malabsorption with Proteinuria (CUBN, Komondor Variant)

Clear

Juvenile Epilepsy (LGI2)

Clear

Juvenile Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy (RAB3GAP1, Rottweiler Variant)

Clear

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (DIRAS1)

Clear

L-2-Hydroxyglutaricaciduria, L2HGA (L2HGDH, Staffordshire Bull Terrier Variant)

Clear

Lagotto Storage Disease (ATG4D)

Clear

Late Onset Spinocerebellar Ataxia (CAPN1)

Clear

Late-Onset Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, NCL 12 (ATP13A2, Australian Cattle Dog Variant)

Clear

Leonberger Polyneuropathy 1 (LPN1, ARHGEF10)

Clear

Leonberger Polyneuropathy 2 (GJA9)

Clear

Lethal Acrodermatitis, LAD (MKLN1)

Clear

Ligneous Membranitis, LM (PLG)

Clear

Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (SGCD, Boston Terrier Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Long QT Syndrome (KCNQ1)

Clear

Lundehund Syndrome (LEPREL1)

Clear

Macular Corneal Dystrophy, MCD (CHST6)

Clear

Malignant Hyperthermia (RYR1)

Clear

May-Hegglin Anomaly (MYH9)

Clear

MDR1 Drug Sensitivity (ABCB1)

Clear

Methemoglobinemia (CYB5R3)

Clear

Microphthalmia (RBP4 Exon 2, Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Variant)

Clear

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA, Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A, MPS IIIA (SGSH Exon 6, Dachshund Variant)

Clear

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA, Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A, MPS IIIA (SGSH Exon 6, New Zealand Huntaway Variant)

Clear

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII, Sly Syndrome, MPS VII (GUSB Exon 3, German Shepherd Variant)

Clear

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII, Sly Syndrome, MPS VII (GUSB Exon 5, Terrier Brasileiro Variant)

Clear

Muscular Dystrophy (DMD, Golden Retriever Variant)

Clear

Musladin-Lueke Syndrome, MLS (ADAMTSL2)

Clear

Myasthenia Gravis-Like Syndrome (CHRNE, Heideterrier Variant)

Clear

Myotonia Congenita (CLCN1 Exon 23, Australian Cattle Dog Variant)

Clear

Myotonia Congenita (CLCN1 Exon 7, Miniature Schnauzer Variant)

Clear

Narcolepsy (HCRTR2 Exon 1, Dachshund Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Narcolepsy (HCRTR2 Intron 6, Labrador Retriever Variant)

Clear

Neonatal Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration (SPTBN2, Beagle Variant)

Clear

Neonatal Interstitial Lung Disease (LAMP3)

Clear

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy, NAD (VPS11, Rottweiler Variant)

Clear

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy, NAD (TECPR2, Spanish Water Dog Variant)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 1, NCL 1 (PPT1 Exon 8, Dachshund Variant 1)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 10, NCL 10 (CTSD Exon 5, American Bulldog Variant)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 2, NCL 2 (TPP1 Exon 4, Dachshund Variant 2)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 5, NCL 5 (CLN5 Exon 4 SNP, Border Collie Variant)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 5, NCL 5 (CLN5 Exon 4 Deletion, Golden Retriever Variant)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 6, NCL 6 (CLN6 Exon 7, Australian Shepherd Variant)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 7, NCL 7 (MFSD8, Chihuahua and Chinese Crested Variant)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8, NCL 8 (CLN8, Australian Shepherd Variant)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8, NCL 8 (CLN8 Exon 2, English Setter Variant)

Clear

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, Cerebellar Ataxia, NCL4A (ARSG Exon 2, American Staffordshire Terrier Variant)

Clear

Oculocutaneous Albinism, OCA (SLC45A2, Small Breed Variant)

Clear

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (COL1A2, Beagle Variant)

Clear

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (SERPINH1, Dachshund Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (COL1A1, Golden Retriever Variant)

Clear

P2Y12 Receptor Platelet Disorder (P2Y12)

Clear

Paroxysmal Dyskinesia, PxD (PIGN)

Clear

Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome, PMDS (AMHR2)

Clear

Platelet Factor X Receptor Deficiency, Scott Syndrome (TMEM16F)

Clear

Polycystic Kidney Disease, PKD (PKD1)

Clear

Pompe's Disease (GAA, Finnish and Swedish Lapphund, Lapponian Herder Variant)

Clear

Prekallikrein Deficiency (KLKB1 Exon 8)

Clear

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, PCD (NME5, Alaskan Malamute Variant)

Clear

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, PCD (CCDC39 Exon 3, Old English Sheepdog Variant)

Clear

Primary Hyperoxaluria (AGXT)

Clear

Primary Lens Luxation (ADAMTS17)

Clear

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (ADAMTS17 Exon 11, Basset Fauve de Bretagne Variant)

Clear

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (ADAMTS10 Exon 17, Beagle Variant)

Clear

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (ADAMTS10 Exon 9, Norwegian Elkhound Variant)

Clear

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Primary Lens Luxation (ADAMTS17 Exon 2, Chinese Shar-Pei Variant)

Clear

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (SAG)

Clear

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, CNGA (CNGA1 Exon 9)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, crd1 (PDE6B, American Staffordshire Terrier Variant)

Clear

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, crd4/cord1 (RPGRIP1)

Clear

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, PRA1 (CNGB1)

Clear

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, PRA3 (FAM161A)

Clear

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, rcd1 (PDE6B Exon 21, Irish Setter Variant)

Clear

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, rcd3 (PDE6A)

Clear

Protein Losing Nephropathy, PLN (NPHS1)

Clear

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PDP1, Spaniel Variant)

Clear

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKLR Exon 5, Basenji Variant)

Clear

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKLR Exon 7, Beagle Variant)

Clear

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKLR Exon 10, Terrier Variant)

Clear

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKLR Exon 7, Labrador Retriever Variant)

Clear

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKLR Exon 7, Pug Variant)

Clear

Raine Syndrome (FAM20C)

Clear

Renal Cystadenocarcinoma and Nodular Dermatofibrosis (FLCN Exon 7)

Clear

Sensory Neuropathy (FAM134B, Border Collie Variant)

Clear

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, SCID (PRKDC, Terrier Variant)

Clear

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, SCID (RAG1, Wetterhoun Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

Shaking Puppy Syndrome (PLP1, English Springer Spaniel Variant)

Clear

Shar-Pei Autoinflammatory Disease, SPAID, Shar-Pei Fever (MTBP)

Clear

Skeletal Dysplasia 2, SD2 (COL11A2, Labrador Retriever Variant)

Clear

Skin Fragility Syndrome (PKP1, Chesapeake Bay Retriever Variant)

Clear

Spinocerebellar Ataxia with Myokymia and/or Seizures (KCNJ10)

Clear

Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia 1 (KCNJ10)

Clear

Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia 2 (ATP1B2)

Clear

Thrombopathia (RASGRP1 Exon 5, American Eskimo Dog Variant)

Clear

Thrombopathia (RASGRP1 Exon 5, Basset Hound Variant)

Clear

Thrombopathia (RASGRP1 Exon 8, Landseer Variant)

Clear

Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome, TNS (VPS13B)

Clear

Ullrich-like Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (COL6A3 Exon 10, Labrador Retriever Variant)

Clear

Unilateral Deafness and Vestibular Syndrome (PTPRQ Exon 39, Doberman Pinscher)

Clear

Urate Kidney & Bladder Stones (SLC2A9)

Clear

Von Willebrand Disease Type II, Type II vWD (VWF, Pointer Variant)

Clear

Von Willebrand Disease Type III, Type III vWD (VWF Exon 4, Terrier Variant)

Clear

Von Willebrand Disease Type III, Type III vWD (VWF Intron 16, Nederlandse Kooikerhondje Variant)

Clear

Von Willebrand Disease Type III, Type III vWD (VWF Exon 7, Shetland Sheepdog Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Other Results

X-Linked Hereditary Nephropathy, XLHN (COL4A5 Exon 35, Samoyed Variant 2)

Clear

X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy (MTM1, Labrador Retriever Variant)

Clear

X-Linked Progressive Retinal Atrophy 1, XL-PRA1 (RPGR)

Clear

X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, X-SCID (IL2RG Exon 1, Basset Hound Variant)

Clear

X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, X-SCID (IL2RG, Corgi Variant)

Clear

Health Report

Increased risk result

Intervertebral Disc Disease (Type I)

Rocky Desert's Anna inherited one copy of the variant we tested for Chondrodystrophy and Intervertebral Disc Disease, CDDY/IVDD, Type I IVDD

Anna is at increased risk for Type I IVDD

How to interpret this result

Anna has one copy of an FGF4 retrogene on chromosome 12. In some breeds such as Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, and Dachshunds (among others) this variant is found in nearly all dogs. While those breeds are known to have an elevated risk of IVDD, many dogs in those breeds never develop IVDD. For mixed breed dogs and purebreds of other breeds where this variant is not as common, risk for Type I IVDD is greater for individuals with this variant than for similar dogs.

What is Chondrodystrophy and Intervertebral Disc Disease, CDDY/IVDD, Type I IVDD?

Type I Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a back/spine issue that refers to a health condition affecting the discs that act as cushions between vertebrae. With Type I IVDD, affected dogs can have a disc event where it ruptures or herniates towards the spinal cord. This pressure on the spinal cord causes neurologic signs which can range from a wobbly gait to impairment of movement. Chondrodystrophy (CDDY) refers to the relative proportion between a dog’s legs and body, wherein the legs are shorter and the body longer. There are multiple different variants that can cause a markedly chondrodystrophic appearance as observed in Dachshunds and Corgis. However, this particular variant is the only one known to also increase the risk for IVDD.

When signs & symptoms develop in affected dogs

Signs of CDDY are recognized in puppies as it affects body shape. IVDD is usually first recognized in adult dogs, with breed specific differences in age of onset.

Signs & symptoms

Research indicates that dogs with one or two copies of this variant have a similar risk of developing IVDD. However, there are some breeds (e.g. Beagles and Cocker Spaniels, among others) where this variant has been passed down to nearly all dogs of the breed and most do not show overt clinical signs of the disorder. This suggests that there are other genetic and environmental factors (such as weight, mobility, and family history) that contribute to an individual dog’s risk of developing clinical IVDD. Signs of IVDD include neck or back pain, a change in your dog's walking pattern (including dragging of the hind limbs), and paralysis. These signs can be mild to severe, and if your dog starts exhibiting these signs, you should schedule an appointment with your veterinarian for a diagnosis.

How vets diagnose this condition

For CDDY, dogs with one copy of this variant may have mild proportional differences in their leg length. Dogs with two copies of this variant will often have visually longer bodies and shorter legs. For IVDD, a neurological exam will be performed on any dog showing suspicious signs. Based on the result of this exam, radiographs to detect the presence of calcified discs or advanced imaging (MRI/CT) to detect a disc rupture may be recommended.

How this condition is treated

IVDD is treated differently based on the severity of the disease. Mild cases often respond to medical management which includes cage rest and pain management, while severe cases are often treated with surgical intervention. Both conservative and surgical treatment should be followed up with rehabilitation and physical therapy.

Actions to take if your dog is affected

Follow veterinary advice for diet, weight management, and daily exercise. Overweight dogs and those with insufficient exercise are thought to be at higher risk of developing clinical disease.
Ramps up to furniture, avoiding flights of stairs, and using a harness on walks will also help minimize some of the risk of an IVDD event by reducing stress on the back.
In breeds where this variant is extremely common, this genetic health result should not be a deciding factor when evaluating a dog for breeding or adoption purposes.

Health Report

Notable result

ALT Activity

Rocky Desert's Anna inherited one copy of the variant we tested for Alanine Aminotransferase Activity

Why is this important to your vet?

Anna has one copy of a variant associated with reduced ALT activity as measured on veterinary blood chemistry panels. Please inform your veterinarian that Anna has this genotype, as ALT is often used as an indicator of liver health and Anna is likely to have a lower than average resting ALT activity. As such, an increase in Anna’s ALT activity could be evidence of liver damage, even if it is within normal limits by standard ALT reference ranges.

What is Alanine Aminotransferase Activity?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a clinical tool that can be used by veterinarians to better monitor liver health. This result is not associated with liver disease. ALT is one of several values veterinarians measure on routine blood work to evaluate the liver. It is a naturally occurring enzyme located in liver cells that helps break down protein. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream.

How vets diagnose this condition

Genetic testing is the only way to provide your veterinarian with this clinical tool.

How this condition is treated

Veterinarians may recommend blood work to establish a baseline ALT value for healthy dogs with one or two copies of this variant.

Health Report

Notable result

Degenerative Myelopathy, DM

Rocky Desert's Anna inherited one copy of the variant we tested for Degenerative Myelopathy, DM

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Anna’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Anna is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because she only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of her offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Degenerative Myelopathy, DM?

The dog equivalent of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig’s disease, DM is a progressive degenerative disorder of the spinal cord. Because the nerves that control the hind limbs are the first to degenerate, the most common clinical signs are back muscle wasting and gait abnormalities.

When signs & symptoms develop in affected dogs

Affected dogs do not usually show signs of DM until they are at least 8 years old.

How vets diagnose this condition

Definitive diagnosis requires microscopic analysis of the spinal cord after death. However, veterinarians use clues such as genetic testing, breed, age, and other diagnostics to determine if DM is the most likely cause of your dog’s clinical signs.

How this condition is treated

As dogs are seniors at the time of onset, the treatment for DM is aimed towards increasing their comfort through a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and physical therapy.

Actions to take if your dog is affected

Giving your dog the best quality of life for as long as possible is all you can do after receiving this diagnosis.

Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding

Coefficient of Inbreeding (COI)

Genetic Result:: 1%

Our genetic COI measures the proportion of your dog’s genome (her genes) where the genes on the mother’s side are identical by descent to those on the father’s side. The higher your dog’s coefficient of inbreeding (the percentage), the more inbred your dog is.

Your Dog’s COI

This graph represents where your dog’s inbreeding levels fall on a scale compared to both dogs with a similar breed makeup to her (the blue bars) and all purebred dogs (the grey line).

Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding

More on the Science

Embark scientists, along with our research partners at Cornell University, have shown the impact of inbreeding on longevity and fertility and developed a state-of-the-art, peer-reviewed method for accurately measuring COI and predicting average COI in litters.

Citations

About Embark

Embark Veterinary is a canine genetics company offering research-grade genetic tests to pet owners and breeders. Every Embark test examines thousands of genetic markers, and provides results for over NaN genetic health conditions, breed identification, clinical tools, and more.

Embark is a research partner of the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine and collaborates with scientists and registries to accelerate genetic research in canine health. We make it easy for customers and vets to understand, share and make use of their dog’s unique genetic profile to improve canine health and happiness.

Learn more at embarkvet.com

Veterinarians and hospitals can send inquiries to veterinarians@embarkvet.com.