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Sansa

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Genetic Breed Result

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Gray Wolf

The Gray Wolf is the largest of all the wolf species. These are pack animals that are tactical hunters. While they are wild animals, wolves are still able to breed with dogs.

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Siberian Husky

Bred initially in Northern Siberia, the Siberian Husky is a medium-sized working dog who is quick and light on their feet. Their moderately compact and well furred body, erect ears and brush tail suggest their Northern heritage. Huskies are very active and energetic and are known for being long distance sled dogs.

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Alaskan Malamute

The Alaskan Malamute is a large, fluffy spitz breed recognized as being one of the most ancient breeds of dogs. The forebears to the modern Malamute crossed the Bering Strait with their owners over 4,000 years ago. Their size, thick coat, and work drive make them ideal dogs for pulling sleds, but they also make amicable companions.

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Great Pyrenees

The Great Pyrenees is an exceptionally loving dog whose primary function is to protect sheep, goats, livestock, people, children, grass, flowers, the moon, lawn furniture, etc., from any real or imaginary predators that may intrude on your personal space. They have a strong build and an amazing thick white coat that exudes elegance and majesty. They make a great family dog because of their intelligence and steady temperament.

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German Shepherd Dog

German Shepherds are confident, courageous dogs with a keen sense of smell and notable intelligence. These are active working dogs who excel at many canine sports and tasks -- they are true utility dogs! Their versatility combined with their loyal companionship has them consistently listed as one of the most popular breeds in the United States.

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DNA Breed Origins

Breed colors:
Gray Wolf
Siberian Husky
Alaskan Malamute
Great Pyrenees
German Shepherd Dog

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Health Summary

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Sansa inherited one variant that you should learn more about.

And one variant that you should tell your vet about.

Enamel Hypoplasia

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Sansa inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Sansa’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Sansa is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because she only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of her offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Enamel Hypoplasia?

In ARAI, a defect in enamel production leads uneven enamel lay down, leading to yellowing of the underlying tooth. Teeth are also unusually small and pointy with large gaps between them.

ALT Activity

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Sansa inherited one copy of the variant we tested

Why is this important to your vet?

Sansa has one copy of a variant associated with reduced ALT activity as measured on veterinary blood chemistry panels. Please inform your veterinarian that Sansa has this genotype, as ALT is often used as an indicator of liver health and Sansa is likely to have a lower than average resting ALT activity. As such, an increase in Sansa’s ALT activity could be evidence of liver damage, even if it is within normal limits by standard ALT reference ranges.

What is ALT Activity?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a clinical tool that can be used by veterinarians to better monitor liver health. This result is not associated with liver disease. ALT is one of several values veterinarians measure on routine blood work to evaluate the liver. It is a naturally occurring enzyme located in liver cells that helps break down protein. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream.

Breed-Relevant Genetic Conditions

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Multiple Drug Sensitivity (ABCB1)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs

Factor VII Deficiency (F7 Exon 5)

Identified in Alaskan Malamutes

Hemophilia A (F8 Exon 11, German Shepherd Variant 1)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs

Hemophilia A (F8 Exon 1, German Shepherd Variant 2)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs

Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type III, CLAD III (FERMT3, German Shepherd Variant)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs

Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia Type I (ITGA2B Exon 13, Great Pyrenees Variant)

Identified in Great Pyrenees

Day Blindness (CNGA3 Exon 7, German Shepherd Variant)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy, cmr1 (BEST1 Exon 2)

Identified in Great Pyrenees

Urate Kidney & Bladder Stones (SLC2A9)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs

Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (EDA Intron 8)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs

Renal Cystadenocarcinoma and Nodular Dermatofibrosis (FLCN Exon 7)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII, Sly Syndrome, MPS VII (GUSB Exon 3, German Shepherd Variant)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs

GM1 Gangliosidosis (GLB1 Exon 15, Alaskan Husky Variant)

Identified in Siberian Huskies

Degenerative Myelopathy, DM (SOD1A)

Identified in German Shepherd Dogs, Great Pyrenees, and more

Alaskan Malamute Polyneuropathy, AMPN (NDRG1 SNP)

Identified in Alaskan Malamutes

Additional Genetic Conditions

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Traits

Explore the genetics behind your dog’s appearance and size.

Coat Color

Coat Color

Other Coat Traits

Other Coat Traits

Other Body Features

Other Body Features

Body Size

Body Size

Performance

Performance

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Through Sansa’s mitochondrial DNA we can trace her mother’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that her ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

E

Haplotype

E41

Map

E

Sansa’s Haplogroup

Haplogroup E is a very rare maternal line, present primarily in Northern breed dogs and dogs with some level of recent gray wolf ancestry.

E41

Sansa’s Haplotype

The E haplogroup in general is not common. It has been found in dogs with some level of background mixing with its wolf-like ancestors.

An example of an Akita.

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The Paternal Haplotype reveals a dog’s deep ancestral lineage, stretching back thousands of years to the original domestication of dogs.

Are you looking for information on the breeds that Sansa inherited from her mom and dad? Check out her breed breakdown.

Paternal Haplotype is determined by looking at a dog’s Y-chromosome—but not all dogs have Y-chromosomes!

Why can’t we show Paternal Haplotype results for female dogs?

All dogs have two sex chromosomes. Female dogs have two X-chromosomes (XX) and male dogs have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome (XY). When having offspring, female (XX) dogs always pass an X-chromosome to their puppy. Male (XY) dogs can pass either an X or a Y-chromosome—if the puppy receives an X-chromosome from its father then it will be a female (XX) puppy and if it receives a Y-chromosome then it will be a male (XY) puppy. As you can see, Y-chromosomes are passed down from a male dog only to its male offspring.

Since Sansa is a female (XX) dog, she has no Y-chromosome for us to analyze and determine a paternal haplotype.

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