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“Kushi”
PompremePalace Kushi

Pomeranian

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Registration

American Kennel Club (AKC):

Genetic Breed Result

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Pomeranian

The Pomeranian is a cocky, animated companion with an extroverted personality.

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Health Summary

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Kushi inherited one variant that you should learn more about.

And one variant that you should tell your vet about.

Copper Toxicosis (Accumulating)

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Kushi inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

We do not know whether this increases the risk that Kushi will develop Copper Toxicosis (Accumulating).

Scientific Basis

Research studies for this variant have been based on dogs of other breeds. Not enough dogs with Kushi's breed have been studied to know whether or not this variant will increase Kushi's risk of developing this disease.

Impact on Breeding

Research into the clinical impact of this variant is ongoing. We recommend tracking this genetic result and incidence of Copper Toxicosis (Accumulating) in your breeding program and related dogs.

What is Copper Toxicosis (Accumulating)?

Copper toxicosis is a condition in which affected dogs have difficulty excreting excess copper from their liver. The liver accumulates more copper until it eventually begins failing. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of this condition.

ALT Activity

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Kushi inherited one copy of the variant we tested

Why is this important to your vet?

Kushi has one copy of a variant associated with reduced ALT activity as measured on veterinary blood chemistry panels. Please inform your veterinarian that Kushi has this genotype, as ALT is often used as an indicator of liver health and Kushi is likely to have a lower than average resting ALT activity. As such, an increase in Kushi’s ALT activity could be evidence of liver damage, even if it is within normal limits by standard ALT reference ranges.

What is ALT Activity?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a clinical tool that can be used by veterinarians to better monitor liver health. This result is not associated with liver disease. ALT is one of several values veterinarians measure on routine blood work to evaluate the liver. It is a naturally occurring enzyme located in liver cells that helps break down protein. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream.

Breed-Relevant Genetic Conditions

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Methemoglobinemia (CYB5R3)

Identified in Pomeranians

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, rcd3 (PDE6A)

Identified in Pomeranians

Urate Kidney & Bladder Stones (SLC2A9)

Identified in Pomeranians

Oculocutaneous Albinism, OCA (SLC45A2, Small Breed Variant)

Identified in Pomeranians

Hereditary Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets (VDR)

Identified in Pomeranians

Progressive Retinal Atrophy 5, PRA5 (NECAP1 Exon 6, Giant Schnauzer Variant)

Identified in Pomeranians

Additional Genetic Conditions

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Traits

Explore the genetics behind your dog’s appearance and size.

Coat Color

Coat Color

Other Coat Traits

Other Coat Traits

Other Body Features

Other Body Features

Body Size

Body Size

Performance

Performance

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Through Kushi’s mitochondrial DNA we can trace her mother’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that her ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

A1a

Haplotype

A382

Map

A1a

PompremePalace Kushi’s Haplogroup

A1a is the most common maternal lineage among Western dogs. This lineage traveled from the site of dog domestication in Central Asia to Europe along with an early dog expansion perhaps 10,000 years ago. It hung around in European village dogs for many millennia. Then, about 300 years ago, some of the prized females in the line were chosen as the founding dogs for several dog breeds. That set in motion a huge expansion of this lineage. It's now the maternal lineage of the overwhelming majority of Mastiffs, Labrador Retrievers and Gordon Setters. About half of Boxers and less than half of Shar-Pei dogs descend from the A1a line. It is also common across the world among village dogs, a legacy of European colonialism.

A382

PompremePalace Kushi’s Haplotype

Part of the large A1a haplogroup, this haplotype occurs most frequently in Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Chesapeake Bay Retrievers.

Shar Pei dogs think A1a is the coolest!

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The Paternal Haplotype reveals a dog’s deep ancestral lineage, stretching back thousands of years to the original domestication of dogs.

Are you looking for information on the breeds that Kushi inherited from her mom and dad? Check out her breed breakdown.

Paternal Haplotype is determined by looking at a dog’s Y-chromosome—but not all dogs have Y-chromosomes!

Why can’t we show Paternal Haplotype results for female dogs?

All dogs have two sex chromosomes. Female dogs have two X-chromosomes (XX) and male dogs have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome (XY). When having offspring, female (XX) dogs always pass an X-chromosome to their puppy. Male (XY) dogs can pass either an X or a Y-chromosome—if the puppy receives an X-chromosome from its father then it will be a female (XX) puppy and if it receives a Y-chromosome then it will be a male (XY) puppy. As you can see, Y-chromosomes are passed down from a male dog only to its male offspring.

Since Kushi is a female (XX) dog, she has no Y-chromosome for us to analyze and determine a paternal haplotype.

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