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“Skadi”
Orical Katja of Mikkeli

Finnish Lapphund

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Genetic Breed Result

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Finnish Lapphund

The Finnish Lapphund is a hardy, easy going, medium-size breed of Spitz type. Traditionally it has been used for herding reindeer.

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Health Summary

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Skadi inherited three variants that you should learn more about.

And one variant that you should tell your vet about.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, prcd

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Skadi inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Skadi’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Skadi is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because she only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of her offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Progressive Retinal Atrophy, prcd?

PRA-prcd is a retinal disease that causes progressive, non-painful vision loss. The retina contains cells, called photoreceptors, that collect information about light and send signals to the brain. There are two types of photoreceptors: rods, for night vision and movement, and cones, for day vision and color. This type of PRA leads to early loss of rod cells, leading to night blindness before day blindness.

Degenerative Myelopathy, DM

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Skadi inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Skadi’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Skadi is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because she only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of her offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Degenerative Myelopathy, DM?

The dog equivalent of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig’s disease, DM is a progressive degenerative disorder of the spinal cord. Because the nerves that control the hind limbs are the first to degenerate, the most common clinical signs are back muscle wasting and gait abnormalities.

Lundehund Syndrome

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Skadi inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Skadi’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Skadi is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because she only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of her offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Lundehund Syndrome?

Norwegian Lundehunds are known to have stomach and intestinal problems collectively known as Lundehund Syndrome. This genetic mutation affects neuroendocrine cells in the intestinal tract and is thought to be similar to inflammatory bowel disease.

ALT Activity

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Skadi inherited one copy of the variant we tested

Why is this important to your vet?

Skadi has one copy of a variant associated with reduced ALT activity as measured on veterinary blood chemistry panels. Please inform your veterinarian that Skadi has this genotype, as ALT is often used as an indicator of liver health and Skadi is likely to have a lower than average resting ALT activity. As such, an increase in Skadi’s ALT activity could be evidence of liver damage, even if it is within normal limits by standard ALT reference ranges.

What is ALT Activity?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a clinical tool that can be used by veterinarians to better monitor liver health. This result is not associated with liver disease. ALT is one of several values veterinarians measure on routine blood work to evaluate the liver. It is a naturally occurring enzyme located in liver cells that helps break down protein. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream.

Breed-Relevant Genetic Conditions

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Canine Multifocal Retinopathy, cmr3 (BEST1 Exon 10 Deletion, Finnish and Swedish Lapphund, Lapponian Herder Variant)

Identified in Finnish Lapphunds

Urate Kidney & Bladder Stones (SLC2A9)

Identified in Finnish Lapphunds

Pompe's Disease (GAA, Finnish and Swedish Lapphund, Lapponian Herder Variant)

Identified in Finnish Lapphunds

Additional Genetic Conditions

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Traits

Explore the genetics behind your dog’s appearance and size.

Coat Color

Coat Color

Other Coat Traits

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Performance

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Through Skadi’s mitochondrial DNA we can trace her mother’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that her ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

D

Haplotype

D1/3/8

Map

D

Orical Katja of Mikkeli’s Haplogroup

D is a rare maternal line, which may be the result of an ancient dog breeding with another canid, possibly a wolf. It is found in Afghan Hounds and Scandinavian dog breeds.

D1/3/8

Orical Katja of Mikkeli’s Haplotype

A member of the small D haplogroup, this rare haplotype occurs in Finnish Lapphunds and Jamthunds.

Afghan Hounds are one of few breeds that descends from this rare maternal line.

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The Paternal Haplotype reveals a dog’s deep ancestral lineage, stretching back thousands of years to the original domestication of dogs.

Are you looking for information on the breeds that Skadi inherited from her mom and dad? Check out her breed breakdown.

Paternal Haplotype is determined by looking at a dog’s Y-chromosome—but not all dogs have Y-chromosomes!

Why can’t we show Paternal Haplotype results for female dogs?

All dogs have two sex chromosomes. Female dogs have two X-chromosomes (XX) and male dogs have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome (XY). When having offspring, female (XX) dogs always pass an X-chromosome to their puppy. Male (XY) dogs can pass either an X or a Y-chromosome—if the puppy receives an X-chromosome from its father then it will be a female (XX) puppy and if it receives a Y-chromosome then it will be a male (XY) puppy. As you can see, Y-chromosomes are passed down from a male dog only to its male offspring.

Since Skadi is a female (XX) dog, she has no Y-chromosome for us to analyze and determine a paternal haplotype.

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