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“Deuce”
Mountain Top Stacking the Deck

Russell-type Terrier

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Genetic Breed Result

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Russell-type Terrier

These small, energetic terriers, developed in 19th century England for hunting small game, are now some of the best agility dogs around.

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Health Summary

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Deuce inherited one variant that you should learn more about.

Degenerative Myelopathy, DM

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Deuce inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Deuce’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Deuce is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because he only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of his offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Degenerative Myelopathy, DM?

The dog equivalent of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig’s disease, DM is a progressive degenerative disorder of the spinal cord. Because the nerves that control the hind limbs are the first to degenerate, the most common clinical signs are back muscle wasting and gait abnormalities.

Breed-Relevant Genetic Conditions

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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, SCID (PRKDC, Terrier Variant)

Identified in Russell-type Terriers

Primary Lens Luxation (ADAMTS17)

Identified in Russell-type Terriers

Urate Kidney & Bladder Stones (SLC2A9)

Identified in Russell-type Terriers

Enamel Hypoplasia (ENAM SNP, Parson Russell Terrier Variant)

Identified in Russell-type Terriers

Late Onset Spinocerebellar Ataxia (CAPN1)

Identified in Russell-type Terriers

Spinocerebellar Ataxia with Myokymia and/or Seizures (KCNJ10)

Identified in Russell-type Terriers

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome, CMS (CHRNE, Jack Russell Terrier Variant)

Identified in Russell-type Terriers

Intervertebral Disc Disease (Type I) (FGF4 retrogene - CFA12)

Identified in Russell-type Terriers

Additional Genetic Conditions

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Traits

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Coat Color

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Through Deuce’s mitochondrial DNA we can trace his mother’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that his ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

A1d

Haplotype

A426

Map

A1d

Mountain Top Stacking the Deck’s Haplogroup

This female lineage can be traced back about 15,000 years to some of the original Central Asian wolves that were domesticated into modern dogs. The early females that represent this lineage were likely taken into Eurasia, where they spread rapidly. As a result, many modern breed and village dogs from the Americas, Africa, through Asia and down into Oceania belong to this group! This widespread lineage is not limited to a select few breeds, but the majority of Rottweilers, Afghan Hounds and Wirehaired Pointing Griffons belong to it. It is also the most common female lineage among Papillons, Samoyeds and Jack Russell Terriers. Considering its occurrence in breeds as diverse as Afghan Hounds and Samoyeds, some of this is likely ancient variation. But because of its presence in many modern European breeds, much of its diversity likely can be attributed to much more recent breeding.

A426

Mountain Top Stacking the Deck’s Haplotype

Part of the A1d haplogroup, this haplotype occurs most frequently in mixed-breed dogs.

The vast majority of Rottweilers have the A1d haplogroup.

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Through Deuce’s Y-chromosome we can trace his father’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that his ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

A2b

Haplotype

Hc.14

Map

A2b

Mountain Top Stacking the Deck’s Haplogroup

A2b appears to have split a few times in succession, which means that some of the Central Asian male ancestors of this lineage went their separate ways before their respective Y chromosomes made their rounds. There is not much diversity in this lineage, meaning that it has only begun to take off recently. Two iconic breeds, the Dachshund and Bloodhound, represent this lineage well. Over half of Rottweilers are A2b, as are the majority of Labrador Retrievers and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. While A2a is restricted mostly to East Asia, this paternal line is also found among European breeds.

Hc.14

Mountain Top Stacking the Deck’s Haplotype

Part of the A2b haplogroup, this haplotype occurs most frequently in mixed breed dogs.

A2b is found in the Daschund breed.

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