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Jo

Australian Shepherd

“She is adorable and likes to dig her way out of her pen”

Place of Birth

Utah, USA

Current Location

Delta, Colorado, USA

From

Utah, USA

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Genetic Breed Result

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Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherd

Miniature American Shepherds (also known as Miniature Australian Shepherds, or Mini Aussies) have the trainability, intelligence and energy of the larger Aussie cousins, and excel at outdoors activities and agility competitions.

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DNA Breed Origins

Breed colors:
Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherd

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Here’s what Jo’s family tree may have looked like.
While there may be other possible configurations of her family’s relationships, this is the most likely family tree to explain Jo’s breed mix.
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Health Summary

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Jo is at increased risk for one genetic health condition.

And inherited one variant that you should learn more about.

Multiple Drug Sensitivity

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Jo inherited one copy of the variant we tested

How to interpret this result

Jo has one copy of a variant at the ABCB1 gene and is at risk for displaying adverse drug reactions. While she may not be as severely affected as a dog with two copies of the ABCB1 drug sensitivity allele, normal dosages of drugs could still have potentially severe effects on Jo. Please inform your veterinarian that Jo carries this variant; it is essential that they know this information before prescribing drugs.

What is Multiple Drug Sensitivity?

Sensitivity to certain classes of drugs, notably the parasiticide ivermectin, as well as certain gastroprotectant and anti-cancer medications, occurs in dogs with a mutation in the ABCB1 gene.

ALT Activity

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Jo inherited one copy of the variant we tested

Why is this important to your vet?

Jo has one copy of a variant associated with reduced ALT activity as measured on veterinary blood chemistry panels. Please inform your veterinarian that Jo has this genotype, as ALT is often used as an indicator of liver health and Jo is likely to have a lower than average resting ALT activity. As such, an increase in Jo’s ALT activity could be evidence of liver damage, even if it is within normal limits by standard ALT reference ranges.

What is ALT Activity?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a clinical tool that can be used by veterinarians to better monitor liver health. This result is not associated with liver disease. ALT is one of several values veterinarians measure on routine blood work to evaluate the liver. It is a naturally occurring enzyme located in liver cells that helps break down protein. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream.

Breed-Relevant Genetic Conditions

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Progressive Retinal Atrophy, prcd (PRCD Exon 1)

Identified in Australian Shepherds and Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherds

Collie Eye Anomaly (NHEJ1)

Identified in Australian Shepherds and Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherds

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy, cmr1 (BEST1 Exon 2)

Identified in Australian Shepherds and Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherds

Hereditary Cataracts (HSF4 Exon 9, Australian Shepherd Variant)

Identified in Australian Shepherds and Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherds

Urate Kidney & Bladder Stones (SLC2A9)

Identified in Australian Shepherds and Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherds

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 6, NCL 6 (CLN6 Exon 7, Australian Shepherd Variant)

Identified in Australian Shepherds and Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherds

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8, NCL 8 (CLN8, Australian Shepherd Variant)

Identified in Australian Shepherds and Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherds

Craniomandibular Osteopathy, CMO (SLC37A2)

Identified in Australian Shepherds and Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherds

Additional Genetic Conditions

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Traits

Explore the genetics behind your dog’s appearance and size.

Coat Color

Coat Color

Other Coat Traits

Other Coat Traits

Other Body Features

Other Body Features

Body Size

Body Size

Performance

Performance

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Through Jo’s mitochondrial DNA we can trace her mother’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that her ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

B1

Haplotype

B61

Map

B1

Jo’s Haplogroup

B1 is the second most common maternal lineage in breeds of European or American origin. It is the female line of the majority of Golden Retrievers, Basset Hounds, and Shih Tzus, and about half of Beagles, Pekingese and Toy Poodles. This lineage is also somewhat common among village dogs that carry distinct ancestry from these breeds. We know this is a result of B1 dogs being common amongst the European dogs that their conquering owners brought around the world, because nowhere on earth is it a very common lineage in village dogs. It even enables us to trace the path of (human) colonization: Because most Bichons are B1 and Bichons are popular in Spanish culture, B1 is now fairly common among village dogs in Latin America.

B61

Jo’s Haplotype

Part of the large B1 haplogroup, this haplotype occurs most commonly in Australian Cattle Dogs. It’s a rare find!

The B1 haplogroup can be found in village dogs like the Peruvian Village Dog, pictured above.

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The Paternal Haplotype reveals a dog’s deep ancestral lineage, stretching back thousands of years to the original domestication of dogs.

Are you looking for information on the breeds that Jo inherited from her mom and dad? Check out her breed breakdown and family tree.

Paternal Haplotype is determined by looking at a dog’s Y-chromosome—but not all dogs have Y-chromosomes!

Why can’t we show Paternal Haplotype results for female dogs?

All dogs have two sex chromosomes. Female dogs have two X-chromosomes (XX) and male dogs have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome (XY). When having offspring, female (XX) dogs always pass an X-chromosome to their puppy. Male (XY) dogs can pass either an X or a Y-chromosome—if the puppy receives an X-chromosome from its father then it will be a female (XX) puppy and if it receives a Y-chromosome then it will be a male (XY) puppy. As you can see, Y-chromosomes are passed down from a male dog only to its male offspring.

Since Jo is a female (XX) dog, she has no Y-chromosome for us to analyze and determine a paternal haplotype.

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