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Fiona

Mixed Ancestry

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Genetic Breed Result

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Siberian Husky

Bred initially in Northern Siberia, the Siberian Husky is a medium-sized working dog who is quick and light on their feet. Their moderately compact and well furred body, erect ears and brush tail suggest their Northern heritage. Huskies are very active and energetic and are known for being long distance sled dogs.

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Pomeranian

The Pomeranian is a cocky, animated companion with an extroverted personality.

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Alaskan Malamute

The Alaskan Malamute is a large, fluffy spitz breed recognized as being one of the most ancient breeds of dogs. The forebears to the modern Malamute crossed the Bering Strait with their owners over 4,000 years ago. Their size, thick coat, and work drive make them ideal dogs for pulling sleds, but they also make amicable companions.

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DNA Breed Origins

Breed colors:
Siberian Husky
Pomeranian
Alaskan Malamute

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Health Summary

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Fiona inherited one variant that you should learn more about.

And one variant that you should tell your vet about.

Methemoglobinemia

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Fiona inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Fiona’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Fiona is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because she only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of her offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Methemoglobinemia?

Oxygen is carried in the blood by hemoglobin. Methemoglobin forms when hemoglobin iron is oxidized, and it cannot carry oxygen in the blood. Methemoglobinemia is a disease where too much methemoglobin is present and the body no longer has the oxygen supply it needs to function. This disease was first described in a mixed breed dog.

ALT Activity

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Fiona inherited both copies of the variant we tested

Why is this important to your vet?

Fiona has two copies of a variant in the GPT gene and is likely to have a lower than average baseline ALT activity. ALT is a commonly used measure of liver health on routine veterinary blood chemistry panels. As such, your veterinarian may want to watch for changes in Fiona's ALT activity above their current, healthy, ALT activity. As an increase above Fiona’s baseline ALT activity could be evidence of liver damage, even if it is within normal limits by standard ALT reference ranges.

What is ALT Activity?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a clinical tool that can be used by veterinarians to better monitor liver health. This result is not associated with liver disease. ALT is one of several values veterinarians measure on routine blood work to evaluate the liver. It is a naturally occurring enzyme located in liver cells that helps break down protein. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream.

Breed-Relevant Genetic Conditions

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Factor VII Deficiency (F7 Exon 5)

Identified in Alaskan Malamutes

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, rcd3 (PDE6A)

Identified in Pomeranians

X-Linked Progressive Retinal Atrophy 1, XL-PRA1 (RPGR)

Identified in Siberian Huskies

Day Blindness (CNGB3 Deletion, Alaskan Malamute Variant)

Identified in Alaskan Malamutes and Siberian Huskies

Urate Kidney & Bladder Stones (SLC2A9)

Identified in Pomeranians

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, PCD (NME5, Alaskan Malamute Variant)

Identified in Alaskan Malamutes

GM1 Gangliosidosis (GLB1 Exon 15, Alaskan Husky Variant)

Identified in Siberian Huskies

Degenerative Myelopathy, DM (SOD1A)

Identified in Siberian Huskies

Alaskan Malamute Polyneuropathy, AMPN (NDRG1 SNP)

Identified in Alaskan Malamutes

Oculocutaneous Albinism, OCA (SLC45A2, Small Breed Variant)

Identified in Pomeranians

Hereditary Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets (VDR)

Identified in Pomeranians

Additional Genetic Conditions

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Traits

Explore the genetics behind your dog’s appearance and size.

Coat Color

Coat Color

Other Coat Traits

Other Coat Traits

Other Body Features

Other Body Features

Body Size

Body Size

Performance

Performance

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Through Fiona’s mitochondrial DNA we can trace her mother’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that her ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

A2

Haplotype

A29a

Map

A2

Fiona’s Haplogroup

A2 is a very ancient maternal line. Most likely it was one of the major female lines that contributed to the very first domesticated dogs in Central Asia about 15,000 years ago. Some of the line stayed in Central Asia to the present day, and frequently appear as Tibetan Mastiffs and Akitas. Those that escaped the mountains of Central Asia sought out other cold spots, and are now found among Alaskan Malamutes and Siberian Huskies. This lineage is also occasionally found in several common Western breeds, such as German Shepherds and Labrador Retrievers. Curiously, all New Guinea Singing Dogs descend from this line. These are an ancient and very interesting breed found in the mountains of Papua New Guinea. Unfortunately, they are now endangered. They are closely related to the Australian dingo, so you could say its cousins are dingos! This line is also common in village dogs in Southeast and East Asia. Unlike many other lineages, A2 did not spread across the whole world, probably because it did not have the opportunity to hitch its wagon to European colonialism - or because these dogs just prefer hanging out in mountains, tundras, islands, and other hard-to-reach places!

A29a

Fiona’s Haplotype

Part of the A2 haplogroup, this haplotype occurs most commonly in Siberian Huskies, Alaskan Malamutes, Labrador Retrievers, and village dogs from Alaska.

Dingos commonly possess this haplogroup.

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The Paternal Haplotype reveals a dog’s deep ancestral lineage, stretching back thousands of years to the original domestication of dogs.

Are you looking for information on the breeds that Fiona inherited from her mom and dad? Check out her breed breakdown.

Paternal Haplotype is determined by looking at a dog’s Y-chromosome—but not all dogs have Y-chromosomes!

Why can’t we show Paternal Haplotype results for female dogs?

All dogs have two sex chromosomes. Female dogs have two X-chromosomes (XX) and male dogs have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome (XY). When having offspring, female (XX) dogs always pass an X-chromosome to their puppy. Male (XY) dogs can pass either an X or a Y-chromosome—if the puppy receives an X-chromosome from its father then it will be a female (XX) puppy and if it receives a Y-chromosome then it will be a male (XY) puppy. As you can see, Y-chromosomes are passed down from a male dog only to its male offspring.

Since Fiona is a female (XX) dog, she has no Y-chromosome for us to analyze and determine a paternal haplotype.

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