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“Wolfgang”
Fiddlefigg's Slam Dunk

Chihuahua

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American Kennel Club (AKC):

Genetic Breed Result

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Chihuahua

Chihuahuas have a huge personality that defies their tiny frame, known to be highly active and intelligent canines.

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Health Summary

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Wolfgang inherited two variants that you should learn more about.

And one variant that you should tell your vet about.

Copper Toxicosis (Accumulating)

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Wolfgang inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

We do not know whether this increases the risk that Wolfgang will develop Copper Toxicosis (Accumulating).

Scientific Basis

Research studies for this variant have been based on dogs of other breeds. Not enough dogs with Wolfgang's breed have been studied to know whether or not this variant will increase Wolfgang's risk of developing this disease.

Impact on Breeding

Research into the clinical impact of this variant is ongoing. We recommend tracking this genetic result and incidence of Copper Toxicosis (Accumulating) in your breeding program and related dogs.

What is Copper Toxicosis (Accumulating)?

Copper toxicosis is a condition in which affected dogs have difficulty excreting excess copper from their liver. The liver accumulates more copper until it eventually begins failing. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of this condition.

Proportionate Dwarfism

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Wolfgang inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Wolfgang’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Wolfgang is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because he only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of his offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Proportionate Dwarfism?

Embark’s data suggests that this variant in the GH1 gene may contribute to a smaller body size. The original publication predicts this is due to a growth hormone (GH) deficiency. However, adult body size is influenced by several different genetic variants. Other changes noted by the publication, including retained baby teeth, persistent puppy-like coats, and low blood sugar have been occasionally reported by owners of dogs with two copies of this variant. These changes may or may not be associated with this variant.

ALT Activity

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Wolfgang inherited one copy of the variant we tested

Why is this important to your vet?

Wolfgang has one copy of a variant associated with reduced ALT activity as measured on veterinary blood chemistry panels. Please inform your veterinarian that Wolfgang has this genotype, as ALT is often used as an indicator of liver health and Wolfgang is likely to have a lower than average resting ALT activity. As such, an increase in Wolfgang’s ALT activity could be evidence of liver damage, even if it is within normal limits by standard ALT reference ranges.

What is ALT Activity?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a clinical tool that can be used by veterinarians to better monitor liver health. This result is not associated with liver disease. ALT is one of several values veterinarians measure on routine blood work to evaluate the liver. It is a naturally occurring enzyme located in liver cells that helps break down protein. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream.

Breed-Relevant Genetic Conditions

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Progressive Retinal Atrophy, prcd (PRCD Exon 1)

Identified in Chihuahuas

Progressive Retinal Atrophy, crd4/cord1 (RPGRIP1)

Identified in Chihuahuas

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 7, NCL 7 (MFSD8, Chihuahua and Chinese Crested Variant)

Identified in Chihuahuas

Spinocerebellar Ataxia with Myokymia and/or Seizures (KCNJ10)

Identified in Chihuahuas

Intervertebral Disc Disease (Type I) (FGF4 retrogene - CFA12)

Identified in Chihuahuas

Congenital Cornification Disorder (NSDHL, Chihuahua Variant)

Identified in Chihuahuas

Additional Genetic Conditions

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Traits

Explore the genetics behind your dog’s appearance and size.

Coat Color

Coat Color

Other Coat Traits

Other Coat Traits

Other Body Features

Other Body Features

Body Size

Body Size

Performance

Performance

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Through Wolfgang’s mitochondrial DNA we can trace his mother’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that his ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

B1

Haplotype

B1c

Map

B1

Fiddlefigg's Slam Dunk’s Haplogroup

B1 is the second most common maternal lineage in breeds of European or American origin. It is the female line of the majority of Golden Retrievers, Basset Hounds, and Shih Tzus, and about half of Beagles, Pekingese and Toy Poodles. This lineage is also somewhat common among village dogs that carry distinct ancestry from these breeds. We know this is a result of B1 dogs being common amongst the European dogs that their conquering owners brought around the world, because nowhere on earth is it a very common lineage in village dogs. It even enables us to trace the path of (human) colonization: Because most Bichons are B1 and Bichons are popular in Spanish culture, B1 is now fairly common among village dogs in Latin America.

B1c

Fiddlefigg's Slam Dunk’s Haplotype

Part of the large B1 haplogroup, we have detected this haplotype in Mexico and Lebanon village dogs. Among the 12 breeds that we have spotted this haplotype in, it occurs most frequently in Border Collies, Australian Shepherd Dogs, and West Highland white Terriers.

The B1 haplogroup can be found in village dogs like the Peruvian Village Dog, pictured above.

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Through Wolfgang’s Y-chromosome we can trace his father’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that his ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

A1a

Haplotype

H1a.4

Map

A1a

Fiddlefigg's Slam Dunk’s Haplogroup

Some of the wolves that became the original dogs in Central Asia around 15,000 years ago came from this long and distinguished line of male dogs. After domestication, they followed their humans from Asia to Europe and then didn't stop there. They took root in Europe, eventually becoming the dogs that founded the Vizsla breed 1,000 years ago. The Vizsla is a Central European hunting dog, and all male Vizslas descend from this line. During the Age of Exploration, like their owners, these pooches went by the philosophy, "Have sail, will travel!" From the windy plains of Patagonia to the snug and homey towns of the American Midwest, the beaches of a Pacific paradise, and the broad expanse of the Australian outback, these dogs followed their masters to the outposts of empires. Whether through good fortune or superior genetics, dogs from the A1a lineage traveled the globe and took root across the world. Now you find village dogs from this line frolicking on Polynesian beaches, hanging out in villages across the Americas, and scavenging throughout Old World settlements. You can also find this "prince of patrilineages" in breeds as different as German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, Pugs, Border Collies, Scottish Terriers, and Irish Wolfhounds. No male wolf line has been as successful as the A1a line!

H1a.4

Fiddlefigg's Slam Dunk’s Haplotype

Part of the large A1a haplogroup, this haplotype occurs in village dogs in Colombia. It is common in small dogs like Dachshund, Miniature Dachshund, and Chihuahuas, but can also be found in larger breeds like Golden Retrievers.

Dogs with A1a lineage travelled during European Colonial times.

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