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“Pepita”
Dog John's Rafale BH

Belgian Shepherd

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Genetic Breed Result

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Belgian Malinois

The Belgian Malinois is an impressive working dog. These guys have become a staple within the military and the police force due to their intelligence and drive. They can make wonderful companions as long as they are thoroughly exercised.

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DNA Breed Origins

Breed colors:
Belgian Malinois

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Here’s what Pepita’s family tree may have looked like.
While there may be other possible configurations of her family’s relationships, this is the most likely family tree to explain Pepita’s breed mix.
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Health Summary

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Pepita inherited one variant that you should learn more about.

And one variant that you should tell your vet about.

Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia 2

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Pepita inherited one copy of the variant we tested

What does this result mean?

This variant should not impact Pepita’s health. This variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that a dog needs two copies of the variant to show signs of this condition. Pepita is unlikely to develop this condition due to this variant because she only has one copy of the variant.

Impact on Breeding

Your dog carries this variant and will pass it on to ~50% of her offspring. You can email breeders@embarkvet.com to discuss with a genetic counselor how the genotype results should be applied to a breeding program.

What is Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia 2?

This is a neurodegenerative condition similar to the human multisystemic SeSAME/EAST syndrome. However, unlike SeSAME/EAST syndrome, affected dogs do not show signs of kidney disease or deafness.

ALT Activity

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Pepita inherited one copy of the variant we tested

Why is this important to your vet?

Pepita has one copy of a variant associated with reduced ALT activity as measured on veterinary blood chemistry panels. Please inform your veterinarian that Pepita has this genotype, as ALT is often used as an indicator of liver health and Pepita is likely to have a lower than average resting ALT activity. As such, an increase in Pepita’s ALT activity could be evidence of liver damage, even if it is within normal limits by standard ALT reference ranges.

What is ALT Activity?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a clinical tool that can be used by veterinarians to better monitor liver health. This result is not associated with liver disease. ALT is one of several values veterinarians measure on routine blood work to evaluate the liver. It is a naturally occurring enzyme located in liver cells that helps break down protein. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream.

Breed-Relevant Genetic Conditions

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Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII, Sly Syndrome, MPS VII (GUSB Exon 3, German Shepherd Variant)

Identified in Belgian Malinois and Belgian Shepherds

Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia 1 (KCNJ10)

Identified in Belgian Malinois and Belgian Shepherds

Additional Genetic Conditions

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Traits

Explore the genetics behind your dog’s appearance and size.

Coat Color

Coat Color

Other Coat Traits

Other Coat Traits

Other Body Features

Other Body Features

Body Size

Body Size

Performance

Performance

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Through Pepita’s mitochondrial DNA we can trace her mother’s ancestry back to where dogs and people first became friends. This map helps you visualize the routes that her ancestors took to your home. Their story is described below the map.

Haplogroup

B1

Haplotype

B95

Map

B1

Dog John's Rafale’s Haplogroup

B1 is the second most common maternal lineage in breeds of European or American origin. It is the female line of the majority of Golden Retrievers, Basset Hounds, and Shih Tzus, and about half of Beagles, Pekingese and Toy Poodles. This lineage is also somewhat common among village dogs that carry distinct ancestry from these breeds. We know this is a result of B1 dogs being common amongst the European dogs that their conquering owners brought around the world, because nowhere on earth is it a very common lineage in village dogs. It even enables us to trace the path of (human) colonization: Because most Bichons are B1 and Bichons are popular in Spanish culture, B1 is now fairly common among village dogs in Latin America.

B95

Dog John's Rafale’s Haplotype

Part of the B1 haplogroup, we see this haplotype most frequently in mixed breed dogs.

The B1 haplogroup can be found in village dogs like the Peruvian Village Dog, pictured above.

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The Paternal Haplotype reveals a dog’s deep ancestral lineage, stretching back thousands of years to the original domestication of dogs.

Are you looking for information on the breeds that Pepita inherited from her mom and dad? Check out her breed breakdown and family tree.

Paternal Haplotype is determined by looking at a dog’s Y-chromosome—but not all dogs have Y-chromosomes!

Why can’t we show Paternal Haplotype results for female dogs?

All dogs have two sex chromosomes. Female dogs have two X-chromosomes (XX) and male dogs have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome (XY). When having offspring, female (XX) dogs always pass an X-chromosome to their puppy. Male (XY) dogs can pass either an X or a Y-chromosome—if the puppy receives an X-chromosome from its father then it will be a female (XX) puppy and if it receives a Y-chromosome then it will be a male (XY) puppy. As you can see, Y-chromosomes are passed down from a male dog only to its male offspring.

Since Pepita is a female (XX) dog, she has no Y-chromosome for us to analyze and determine a paternal haplotype.

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